The Cardiovascular System Of The Body System - 1031 Words

The cardiovascular system is one of the major body systems. The cardiovascular system is a transportation device that transports waste products,oxygen,nutrients,carbon dioxide, and hormones throughout the body through the blood. The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries (also known as blood vessels and blood. The heart is a hollow fist sized organ that is made up of muscle.It contains 4 chambers that all involuntarily contract to pump blood throughout the body. The four chambers are then separated into two sides (right side and left side). Both sides contain an atria and ventricle which pumps the blood out of the heart. Both sides also stop the black flow of blood. The heart also contains 3 layers.†¦show more content†¦Though hyperactive tension does not have signs it does have some symptoms which include dizziness, shortness of breath, headaches, fatigue, and chest pain. Medication and lifestyle changes can manage hypertension such as. Peptic ulcers are round defined craters usually 1-4 comes in diameter in the mucosa of any part of the Gastrointestinal tract exposed to the secretions of the stomach, Peptic ulcers are commonly found in 50-70-year-old but may happen at any age. If untreated they can be reoccurring by healing and then flaring up again. They can be treated by medication but if left untreated they could cause anemia, a blockage in digestion, and death if the ulcer perforates. The signs of peptic ulcer are symptoms of anemia, shock due to blood loss, Pain in abdomen below ribcage, blood in vomit and blood in faeces. Some peptic ulcer doesn’t show any symptoms but if they the symptoms would be Loss of appetite, Nausea, Bloating, Indigestion and weight loss.Vital signs are important because they can help to develop a baseline for the patient so that those treating the patient know when something is not right. They also help to identify any medical problem that the patient might have. Vital signs also help show how the body is coping and responding to treatment Browns Vital signs were – 37.6, RR – 22, PR – 120, BP 190/100, SpO2 – 94%. His Vital signs show that his pulse rate and blood pressure are elevated which is due to theShow MoreRelatedThe Cardiovascular System Of The Body1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cardiovascular System Although every system of the body is important, the cardiovascular system is one of the most important. Any complications originating within the cardiovascular system will have some kind of adverse effect on the other systems of the body. It is important, especially being a part of the EMS system, to know the different parts, what can potentially go wrong, how to effectively manage those problems and toRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System, The Workhorse Of The Body984 Words   |  4 PagesThe cardiovascular system, the workhorse of the body, has long been an object of fascination by civilizations. How does such a tiny muscle support the life of a human for such a long period of time? The answer lies within the physiology of the cardiovascular system itself. Simple one-celled organisms had one major problem when it came to the diffusion of oxygen, the oxygen required by a mammal for instance, would be much greater than th e rate at which these cells could diffuse oxygen. Thus the needRead MoreCardiovascular System Of The Human Body967 Words   |  4 PagesThe heart is one of the most important vital organs to sustain life in the human body. The heart is a muscle pumping organ that generates two different types of circulatory loops within the human body. These include the Pulmonary Circulation and the Systemic Circulation. The Pulmonary arteries brings blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where then the blood picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The pumping chambers that support the pulmonary circulation are theRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System Of The Human Body1576 Words   |  7 Pageshomeostasis of the human body. The way that the body reacts and adapts to physical stress depends on various components. Specifically, exercising in the heat can overload the body and decrease its capability to adapt to the stress that it is being put through (Nielsen, Hales, St range, Christensen, Warberg, Saltin, 1993). Compared to a more neutral environment, exercising in the heat results in alterations of the circulatory system, thermoregulatory system, and endocrine system (Nielsen, Hales, StrangeRead MoreThe Effects Of Cardiovascular System On The Body2262 Words   |  10 Pageseffects on substantial systems in the body. One specific organ system Down syndrome affects is the cardiovascular system, the main system that pumps blood throughout the body and essentially manages the lunges. In this system, oxygen and other necessary nutrients are transported to cells of the body, carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs, and unnecessary residue is emitted to the kidney, where it is then excreted from the body. Additionally, the cardiovascular system plays a big role in homeostasisRead MoreThe Body Framework Is The Cardiovascular System1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe second body framework is the cardiovascular system which contains the blood, heart, and vessels. The cardiovascular system heart pumps blood through veins, blood conveys oxygen and supplements to cells and carbon dioxide and waste far from cells. It manages body temperatures and water substance of body fluids and blood. This system contains of the heart, veins, and arteries. The heart is somewhat little and lays on the diaphragm which rests on the mediastinum and is located in the thoracic cavityRead MoreHow the digestive, Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Help to Make the Human Body Work598 Words   |  3 PagesThe digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory system are all interrelated in order to make the human body work effectively and efficiently. The cardiovascular system and the respiratory work together by performing gas exchange which is passing of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood flow and then the carbon dioxide passes trough the blood flow and is breathed out from the body. If gas exchange didn’t take place then it will result in the cells dying. There are many other body systems that interrelateRead MoreExplain the Physiology the Cardiovascular and the Digestive System in the Body in Relation to Energy Metabolism in the Body. Discuss the Role of Energy in the Body and Analyse How Those Two Body Systems Interrelate to Perform a Named Functions.2469 Words   |  10 PagesExplain the physiology the cardiovascular and the digestive system in the body in relation to energy metabolism in the body. Discuss the role of energy in the body and analyse how those two body systems interrelate to perform a named functions. For distinction analyse Energy it is the ability to do work. Energy cannot be destroyed but it can be changed to another form. Without energy we would not be able to growth or move. To stay alive we need regular and permanent supply of energy or else weRead MoreComposition of Cardiovascular System1709 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Composition of Cardiovascular System: The cardiovascular system provides a method with which nutrients and waste products are rapidly transported within the human body. While its also referred to as the circulatory system, it also transports hormones, gases, and food to and from cells within the body. The major components of the circulatory or cardiovascular system are blood, blood vessels, and the heart (Cardiovascular System Simplified, n.d.). Blood consists of cells and liquid plasma whileRead MoreOverview of The Cardiovascular System1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe cardiovascular system - The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting nutrients and removing gaseous waste from the body. It consists of the heart, which powers the whole process, the veins, arteries, and capillaries, which deliver oxygen to tissue at the cellular level. The cardiovascular system carries blood that is low in oxygen away from the heart to the lungs via arteries, where oxygen levels are restored through the air once oxygenated, th is blood is then carried throughout

Personal Hygiene Tips Free Essays

Personal hygiene tips can you keep your immune system from being overwhelmed by the on-slot of germs. Skin is an important part of the immune system for it acts as a barrier between germs and your body. Skin is tough and generally impermeable to bacteria and viruses. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Hygiene Tips or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, germs can enter our bodies through other areas that are susceptible to bacteria such as our nose, mouth, eyes, or a break in the skin. Common sense and following good personal hygiene tips will limit the possibility of these germs finding a way into your body. Here are some common sense personal hygiene tips:Wash Your Hands The single most important way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases is to wash your hands. Most infections, particularly the common cold and gastroenteritis, are contracted when our germ infested hands come in contact with our mouths. In addition, infections are also contracted through contact with another individuals whose hands may come in contact with us. Sanitation of hands up to and including the wrist with hot water and soap is also necessary. The use of a brush is recommended when fingernails need cleansing as well. Hot air dryers or a clean towel is the best method for drying the hands.Wash your hands when the following applies: * Following the use of the commode. * After handling other bodily secretions. * Contact with rubbish/waste bins. * Before and after food preparation. * After coming in contact with animals. * After being in contact with an individual who has a cough or cold. * After caring for a personal who is ill, changing dressings, administering medicine. * Caring for the elderly. * Changing an infant’s diaper. * Before and after your duties if you are a food handler or health professional. * Before changing contact lenses. Take a Daily Shower or BathA daily shower or bath aids in the cleansing of our bodies as well as eliminating any bodily odor or bacteria ridden skin. It is recommended that we get in the habit of using a personal bath towel rather than sharing with others. Cross infection is a risk that is unnecessary if possible. Those who are involved in active sports or work out to a sweat would do well to take a bath after the activity. A mild soap will do the job adequately. Wash off well after soaping. Drying with a clean towel is very important. Avoid sharing soaps and towels. Brushing your teeth at least twice a dayApply a small amount of toothpaste on a toothbrush and gently brush a few teeth at a time on all sides in a circular motion, and then clean your tongue. After briskly brushing, we should thoroughly rinse our mouths with water while disposing excess water into the sink. Your toothbrush should be changed after 2 months. Other Personal Hygiene Tips Getting into the habit of routinely clipping fingernails/toenails on a regular basis is good. Growing nails is okay if they are kept clean and manicured routinely. Cover all cuts, burns and sores and change dressings regularly – pay extra attention to any open wounds on hands and arms.Replace the sponge frequently. Sponges and scrubbers provide the warm, moist conditions and trapped food particles on which bacteria thrive. The bacteria can multiply, increasing from a few to millions in a matter of hours. Use a different implement for each cleaning task in the kitchen and bathroom. Routinely disinfecting both indoor and outdoor waste bins is a good habit to get into. Due to the fact that waste bin liners can leak, germs can easily spread to other areas that the liners may come in contact with such as floor, countertops, our hands, etc.If you are preparing food for your family, continuously cleansing your hands throughout the preparation of the meal. Pay close attention to dishcloths, washcloths, pot holders, aprons before and after cooking. The cleanliness, health and habits of food handlers are important because people often carry germs, which are easily spread through food. These germs are often present on our hands, face, hair, noses and in our mouths and bowels. Even the healthiest person may be carrying germs without being sick. Personal hygiene is important. Remember and practice the following. 1. Shower or bathe daily. 2.Practice good, frequent handwashing. 3. Wear clean clothing with an apron. Change the apron when it gets dirty. 4. Keep hair confined. 5. Keep fingernails clean and avoid wearing nail polish or jewelry. 6. Avoid touching your face, nose or mouth while preparing food. 7. Do not prepare food if you are ill and report your illness to your supervisor. 8. Avoid coughing or sneezing around food. 9. Use utensils for handling food. 10. If you must taste food, use a disposable spoon. Dishes, utensils, equipment and food can be easily contaminated by employees hands and clothing unless a high standard of personal hygiene is maintainedWear Clean Clothes: Wear a fresh set of clothes as often as possible. Dirty clothes are a source of contamination and can cause very serious skin disorders if worn over and over without washing them. Also, try wearing a clean pair of socks every day (especially after athletic activities) as this keep your feet dry and not smelly. Wash clothing and linens on a regular basis as the longer it takes you to clean them the smellier they become.Read more: http://www. lifemojo. com/lifestyle/personal-hygiene-tips-for-good-health-5163438#ixzz0ud4rgFyG How to cite Personal Hygiene Tips, Papers

Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. Answer: Introduction Sterilization is the process that is used to eliminate microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast viruses and fungi on the surfaces and bodies on which they are found(Levinson, 2013). The microorganisms can cause diseases to humans if they are not sufficiently controlled.Vegetative microorganisms are easily controlled by moist heat, however bacterial spores for example endospores are difficult to control by moist heat and are called thermoduric i.e. they can withstand even higher temperatures of steam above 100 degrees centigrade. There are different types of sterilization methods apart from saturated steam sterilization that include: chemical sterilization, done using chemicals; physical sterilization done using gamma rays. Sterilization is a very important process in the clinical set as well as in the day to day life. In the hospitals, sterilization is done to reduce the bio-burden in the environment. The areas may include hospital floors, tables, surfaces as well as the medical equipm ent used in the hospital. In the pharmaceutical industries where manufacture of drugs take place, this process of sterilization is important to keep the equipment and handlers microbial free so as to prevent contamination of the final medicines manufactured (AusHFG,2016). The principal used in sterilization by saturated steam involves using saturated steam at high temperature and pressure in an enclosed container, where there is total air removal from the container and the articles being sterilized maintained at points accessible to the steam over a sufficient period of time to ensure total destruction of the microbes(Levinson, 2013). The sterilization process by saturated steam is monitored by either using thermocouples (a temperature and pressure gauge), chemical indicators or biological indicators like the bacteria Bacillus Stearothermophilus provided as spore strips for monitoring sterilization. Sterilization by saturated steam is a preferred and ideal method for sterilizing art icles because it is efficient, fast and not toxic to the user and the environment.Biocidal activity of saturated steam is due to the high amount of latent heat released from steam that penetrates and destroys the cellular structure of the of the microbes causing death in even the most resistant spores. Dry heat on the other hand produces little energy that destroys the cellular components of the microbes, however it may not destroy resistant spores. The sterilization time generally includes 121 degree centigrade, 101 kPa and 15 minutes for liquids and 134 degree centigrade, 203 kPa and 3 minutes for medical devices and surgical linens. Tyndallisation is an old method of sterilization that involves heating the substance to boiling point or just below the boiling point and holding it there for about 15 minutes, repeated for 3 consecutive days. This experiment is crucial in its application in the field of microbiology since it helps to control microorganisms in places and objects where they are not required, thereby helping in controlling incidences of microbial infections.(Levinson, 2013) Aim. To understand the significance of sterilization. To establish the use of moist heat in the process of sterilization. To determine the fundamental requirements for sterilization by saturated steam. Materials. Sterile forceps. Paraffin oil. Sterile bottles with rubber seals capped with screw. Four paper strips inoculated with Bacillus Stearothermophilus spores. Two 250ml Schott bottles Two Sterikon with bio-indicator vials. Sterile water 10ml. Two sterile Pasteur pipettes. Five adhesive labels circular in nature. Two Thermalog sterilization indicators. Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB). Automatic pipette. Labels were placed on the caps of the 5 screw capped bottles. The bottles were then labelled 1, 2, 3,4 and 5.Strips of paper inoculated with Bacillus stearothermophilus were aseptically placed in bottles 1, 2, 3 and 4. With the aid of the pipette 6 drops of sterile water were added to bottle number 2. The spore strip in bottle number 4 was covered with paraffin oil. The caps of bottles 2, 3 and 4 were fastened tightly and then they were placed in a sterilizer.Bottle 1 was not processed. Two Thermalog strips were placed in the 2 Schott bottles.2ml of water was added to one of the bottles and then loosely caped. The second bottle was tightly caped. The two Schott bottles and a Sterikon plus bio-indicator vials were placed in the sterilizer along other bottles and kept at 121 degree Centigrade for an hour.The second bio-indicator was not sterilized. The Thermalog strips were then examined at the end of the sterilization. 3ml TSB was added to bottles 1, 2, 3 and 5. The spore strip in bottle 4 was aseptically transferred to bottle 5. Bottle 4 was discarded into paraffin discard. The bottles and the two Sterikon plus indicator vials were incubated for 3 days at 56 degree Centigrade. The results were based on the colour changes that occurred on each of the bottles upon incubation at 37 degrees centigrade. For the Thermalog strips their colour change were also examined and recorded as below. Bottle Conditions Growth Reason 1. Turbid+++ Present Due to lack of sterilization. 2. No turbidity Absent Due to sterilization. 3. No turbidity Absent Due to sterilization. 5. No turbidity Absent Due to sterilization. Turbidity key: ++++ Thermalog strips Material Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Thermalog strips Blue No colour change Material Before Incubation After Incubation Sterikon Vial 1 Pink Clear and pink Sterikon Vial 2 Pink Cloudy and yellow From the results above, it can be deduced that saturated steam sterilization is effective against bacteria and other microbes since turbidity was not observed on the bottles 2, 3 and 5 that were subjected to sterilization process then afterward incubated for microbial growth. Turbidity is a sign of microbial growth(Levinson, 2013). Bottle 1 which was not sterilized became turbid upon incubation, an indicator of microbial growth. The Thermalog strips(bio-indicators) were examined in the first and second treatments. On examinationthe strip in the first treatment showed growth indication by turning bluebecause it was not subjected to sterilization process which is needed to destroy the microbes whereas the strip in the second treatment showed no growth indication because it was subjected to sterilization process thus the spores of the bio-indicator were destroyed completely ,thus, no growth upon incubation. The Sterikon vials 1 and 2 were both pink before incubation, however, after incubation the Sterikon vial 1 became clear and pink indicating lack of microbial growth. This is because the Sterikon vial 1 was subjected to the process of sterilization whereas Sterikon vial 2 was not subjected to sterilization which hence microbes were not destroyed and grew upon incubation. The unexposed strips are cultured when examining the biological indicators after sterilization so as to allow for the growth of the bacteria in the unexposed strip, a confirmation that lack of exposure to the sterilization process leads to persistence of the microbes on the strip. Other physical control methods for sterilization include use of gamma rays and physical barriers like in membrane filtration process(Levinson, 2013). Prions are infectious spore forming particles of microbes that are very difficult to control and can cause serious infections for example, anthrax, gangrene, tetanus and food poisoning. They are described as thermoduric i.e. they can tolerate temperatures up to 100 degrees centigrade and cannot be therefore effectively controlled by steam sterilization. They thus need other physical methods of control like the use of gamma rays. References AusHFG. (2016). AusHFG. Retrieved from https://healthfacilityguidelines.com.au/: https://healthfacilityguidelines.com.au/part/part-introduction-and-instructions-use-0 Levinson, W. (2013). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (Lange Medical Books) 13th Edition. San Francisco: Mc Graw Hill Educator.

Is Political Analysis a Scientific Enterprise Should It Be

Table of Contents Literature review Quantification Falsifiability Epistemology Conclusion Bibliography Footnotes According to Fay (1996)1, the study of political science involves a close analysis of dates, governments and politics. This discipline concerns with the study of human behavior and all issues related to politics as observed in controlled environments. This means that it would be very difficult to reproduce results through experimental methods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Political Analysis a ‘Scientific’ Enterprise? Should It Be? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many scholars have argued that the study should be based on observations rather than experiments. Historically, most advances and conclusions in political science are derived from observations of the general trends of nation’s politics and government. The fact that the results from studying a variety of government s of a given number of nations limits the probability of obtaining reproducible results and thus limits the study of political science to be classified as a scientific enterprise. Political analysts utilize a variety of means to obtain their research data. Most primary data is obtained through historic records and official documents. The secondary materials have been traditionally derived from results of surveys, case studies, statistical analyses and experimental models and research buildings. Political science builds its theories on critical observations of political elites, individuals and groups, as well as institutions. These patterns are drawn, generalized before the theories are being created. The correlation between the study of political science and science is a subject to debate due to some specifications that scientific studies and models stipulate as mandatory in all scientific models. This paper analyzes some of the scientific requirements in a scientific enterprise and then correlates them to the model and research methods used by political analysts to draw its conclusions Literature review The definition of political science has changed over the years since the 1950s. Initially, the discipline had been comprehensively descriptive in nature, but has since relied on statistical methods. Political analysts have over the years rejected political science as a science based on two approaches: practical and philosophical objections. In the first one believes that political behaviors are very complex and therefore mislead researchers having made the data collection quite hard. Philosophical objections, on the other hand, base their arguments on the fact that human reasoning cannot be objectively quantified. This leaves observations and perceptions by the researchers as the only alternative (Rosenberg, 2012)2.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Polit ical analysis lacks a standard methodology for quantifying the validity of its measurements and therefore makes it hard for obtaining testable results. The complexity and uniqueness of the political analysis make the results of the study unreliable. According to Cherry (2010)3, reliability is a measure of consistency of a given measurement. For a test to be reliable, it must deliver similar results on a regular basis. The results are independent of the reason for administering the test, but should be approximately similar every time the test is done (Cherry, 2010)4. Unfortunately, mathematical quantification is not possible in political analysis when making approximations about the reliability of a given test. Two aspects are normally considered in science: inter-later and internal reliability. In order to assess the first one, a minimum two independent judges should score the test. The scores are then analyzed to establish the consistency of the rater’s approximations. †Å"The best way to test inter-rater reliability is to assign each rater to test a score† (Silva, 2010)5. Then, the test administrator computes the correlation between two ratings to establish the degree of inter-rater reliability. On the other hand, internal reliability is a measure of consistency of test results conducted on the same test. The researches compare test variables, which measure the same construct to establish the tests internal consistency(Cherry, 2010)6. On many occasions, these tests involve very similar or repetitive questions that are utilized to assess the reliability. Since the questions are identical and are structured to answer the same phenomena, the researcher must provide answers to the question in a similar fashion meaning that the test has internal consistency (Cherry, 2010)7. Political analysis lacks a standard methodology for quantifying the validity of its measurements and therefore makes it hard to obtain testable results. Additionally, science c apitalizes on knowledge to explain how phenomena is the way it is. As a result, theories and testable predictions based on empirical reliability are created. The more similar observations are observed, the more the theory is deemed to be testable and therefore correct. Poor consistency of the human behavior thus reduces the rate of testability of the theories and consequently reduces the reliability of the results (Silva, 2010)8.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Political Analysis a ‘Scientific’ Enterprise? Should It Be? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political analysis is a social study and involves numerous examples of complex human behaviors. Human beings are neither identical nor interchangeable. Their complex nature makes them lack a general conclusion based on the results of the methodology used. In science, generalization is a must concept and relies on the building relationships between two or more facts and utilizes empirical generalization to reach a credible conclusion (Buttolph Reynolds, 2012)9. Since humans cannot be put in a Petri dish in an effort to control their behaviors to study certain variables, the validity of the results obtained is thus questionable. It would be important to look at the definition of variability as an important factor in quantifying scientific studies (Silva, 2010)10. Validity is defined as the ability of an instrument to achieve its goals. Tests should be valid in order to ease interpretation, and provide accurate application of the results. Validity is a measure that uses research methods that can demonstrate the existence of a predefined relationship between the test and the behavior it is supposed to measure. There are two types of validity measures: content and face validity. In case the elements of the test represent the whole range of possible results the test should cover, then the test have content validity (Silva, 2010)11 . Content validity draws the test questions from a wide pool of items covering a wide range of topics. Face validity, on the other hand, is a component of content validity that is determined when the person assessing the instrument makes a conclusion that measures the desired element or trait in the test (Cherry, 2010). Quantification While scientists insist on quantifiable tests, Political analysis, being a social science, relies on behaviors, values, beliefs and so on to make conclusions. This implies that their results cannot be measured accurately. Measurement is a fundamental element of science and although generalizations and assumptions are common, the quantification process must be illustrated clearly.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some political scientists vehemently criticize this approach by citing the scientific methodologies that have been employed historically in science. Galileo, for instance, used a crude telescope to view the moon and other planets. Scientific developments in astronomy were developed from the foundations he discovered through more and more precise observation instruments. Another fundamental element of science is the ability to offer transmissible knowledge. Scientists insist that scientific knowledge must be transmissible or, in other words, they must be explicit enough to allow other scholars to analyze them and replicate their results. Unfortunately, the methodologies used in social sciences are basically based on objective and systematic observations. This means that a fundamental goal of science is left out since the results obtained cannot be verified. The theories constructed from these verifications of public inspection and results are not in a credible position to explain why phenomena behave the way it does (Fay, 1996). In the scientific world, the knowledge is used to describe things and facts, for example, how things are created and why they are what they are. On the other hand, political analysis depends on causal relationships which derive their results from correlations in order to establish useful and important information. These however fail to explain issues related to why and how (Fay, 1996)12. Falsifiability During the development of theories, it must be quite clear whether the theory is falsifiable or not. Science insists that an empirical theory fails to satisfy the fundamental of science if it cannot be proved to be either right or wrong through various tests. When a theory is found to be wrong, it gives the researchers the motivation to look for alternative theories through elimination of the previous theory. The truth is that no political setting is interchangeable. If we argue from this point, it means therefore that the results we will obtain from analysis of a political setting will be subjected to alterations once an identical study is carried out. This would consequently lead to situation where theories will be formulated today and dismissed the following day. Political analysts use case studies to come up with comprehensive theories but fail to generalize them being afraid of criticism from independent similar theories. ‘The Organization of the American Political Science Association’ (2006)13 reported new developments in the scientification of political analysis. In the early 1960s, most political analysts used scientific means to build on the behaviorism during the early foundations of political science as a discipline. However, over the years, these theories have been challenged by different authors owing to their nature of lack of reliability and generalization. The line between facts and values has been a nightmare to most political scientists and other social scientists for a long time. Some held on the argument that values are facts, but in the real scientific world, a clear distinction between the two must be established. Epistemology As one of the key pillars of philosophy, epistemology concentrates on propositional knowledge. The political analysts utilize this approach by classifying certain elements of beliefs and values to be true or false. The results produce normative knowledge which deals with the evaluation and recommendation of what should be rather than what it is, or how it came to be. On the other hand, real science aims at creating a non-normative kind of knowledge which is based on facts or, in other words, the objective determination of what things are. While the real scientific world insists on knowledge being cumulative, the research methods used by previous experiments and results should be used as foundations of new work. Political analysts deal with variation in the settings of political arenas, governments and institutions in such a way that the conclusions from different studies yield different results. In their words, the repeatability, reliability and validity of the data obtained cannot be used to make a general observation. By presenting a systematic a systematic and well reasoned anticipation, science is able to make accurate predictions for future occurrence of events. Thus, science is in a position to generate predictions for the future. Social analysis fails in generalization of its theories and therefore most of its conclusions cannot be used to predict the occurrence of future events (Fay, 1996)14. Science relies on parsimony in an effort to give other researchers a chance to choose between alternatives. Scientists therefore prefer methodologies that give a vivid explanation of phenomena while maintaining few parameters. In real scientific research, deductive arguments must not necessarily be reached. These relate to arguments that are proved to be true â€Å"through the use of a series of logical statements to derive a conclusion based on true premises† (Buttolph Reynolds, 2012)15. Although deductive reasoning is used in political analysis, inductive reasoning prevails in most research work making inferences though observations and propositions (Buttolph Reynolds, 2012)16. This brings the issue of probabilistic explanation. In science, it is required that 100% accuracy be met prior to making any predictions. The use of inductive reasoning therefore forbids this practice of making prediction based on previous findings. In other words, every situation in political analysis requires an independent research and conclusion. For example, if a researcher was to research about the political situation in a country, say Britain, it would be wrong to make inferences about the United States using the results of the study. On the other hand, a scientific experiment could be reproduced to another similar case. For example, the behavior of bacteria inside a Petri dish could be used to make gene ral conclusions about the behavior of all similar bacteria. From the given example, several observations can be made. The situation of political institutions in Britain and America are likely to change with time. By the time the study was taken, several parameters such as the nature of economy and the general perceptions of the respondents will have changed. The scientific study of bacteria in the same environment and conditions will yield similar results day-in-day-out. We therefore concluded that the Petri dish experimental results are reproducible, valid and reliable. Reliability is important in this case in order to assess the practicability and efficiency of the materials used to gather the data (Martin, 1994)17. Conclusion The paper analyzed the scientific approach of research and made equal comparison to the study of political science. The scientific approach look more tangible and reflective results compared to the social science approach. The paper concluded that political analysis therefore cannot be classified as a scientific enterprise. For a long time, the study has based its reflections on descriptions obtained through observations. The fact that these systems are undergoing transformations to include statistical inferences suggests the birth of a new approach to the subject. At the moment, the scientific requirements for a theory to satisfy the discussed expectations of a scientific study do not allow the prevalent method in political analysis to be described as a scientific approach. Deductive reasoning may not be practical in political analysis since every time the research is carried out, the probability of obtaining different data is high. Bibliography Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., sage Publications, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm Fay, B, 1996, Contempo rary philosophy of social science: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. Martin, M, 1994, Readings in the philosophy of social science, MIT Press, Cambridge. Rosenberg, A, 2012, Philosophy of social science, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. ‘The Organization of the American Political Science Association’, 2006, Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Vol. 1, pp. 5-15, First Annual Meeting, 1904. Footnotes 1 Fay, B, 1996, Contemporary philosophy of social science: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. 2 Rosenberg, A, 2012, Philosophy of social science, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 3 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 4 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/re searchmethods/f/validity.htm 5 Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 66 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 7 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 8 Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 9 Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., sage Publications, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 10 Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 11 Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 12 Fay, B, 1996, Contemporary philosophy of social science: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. 13 ‘The Organization of the American Political Science Association’, 2006, Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Vol. 1, pp. 5-15, First Annual Meeting, 1904. 14 Fay, B, 1996, Contemporary philosophy of social science: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. 15 Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., sage Publications, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 16 Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., Sage Publications, http://college.cqpre ss.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx 17 Martin, M, 1994, Readings in the philosophy of social science, MIT Press, Cambridge. This essay on Is Political Analysis a ‘Scientific’ Enterprise? Should It Be? was written and submitted by user Madeline Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

People of The Setting Sun essays

People of The Setting Sun essays Close inspection of The Setting Sun by Dazai Osamu allows one to see a particular family battle changing times that are affecting a whole nation of people. Paralleled in many ways by the author's own reality, we see how this deep message is more than just a fiction story. As a nation, Japan had just surrendered to the U.S. ending their participation in WWII. With the end of this battle, a new one on the home front began. In a sense, the tradition of Japan died with the war; there is a definite passing of a generation/era of people. The country is now caught in a state of shock as they try to piece together new lives. This is by no means a simple task when tradition is pulling from one side and an influx of modern ways and ideas are pulling from the other. Through the analyzation of Mother, Kazuko, and Naoji, the notion of a nation struggling to grasp a new modern identity while coping with the decline of a social order that has stood strong for so many years is unfolded from b eginning to end creating mixed feelings of hope and depression for the people of the setting sun. Due to WWII, Kazuko and her mother must leave Tokyo and establish residents in nearby village. Kazuko's brother, Naoji, has been fighting in the war and upon its conclusion, comes home to his sister and mother with a terrible drug addiction. Naoji has an artist friend who acts as a mentor/drinking buddy. The death of the mother shows the passing of a generation, and the suicide of Naoji exemplifies the feelings of depression and hopelessness that float over Japan. Kazuko becomes the heroin of the story when she creates a positive experience in the middle of this chaotic time. She bears a child which acts as a symbol for a fresh start and new hope during a time when that is just what is needed. The beginning scene of the novel is a great description for the type of women that Mother was. By explaining how she eats her soup or "wee wee's" in the garde...

American Literacy in the Age of Information Essay Example for Free

American Literacy in the Age of Information Essay The age of information is demonstrated by the development of technology. The American culture has adopted and adapted to a new practice of transmitting and accepting information. Although the age of information presents an outlet for creative expression and exploration, American literacy is in a transitional period because technology is constantly changing and the unlimited amount of capabilities and influence that technology has upon education and communication are significant and since technology is still in the process of development it raises concerns about privacy acts and ethical issues. While this new era enables the opportunity to send and receive information so quickly and efficiently, the new digital age of information requires being educated and knowledgeable about information technology in order to achieve success. Information technology is a term that may be described in many ways but ultimately, information technology (IT) is considered a general term applied to all computer- based technologies of human communications (Information Technology, 2006). Literacy of this time may be simply defined as â€Å"basic competence in reading and writing† (Literacy, 2006). The World Wide Web offers opportunities of unlimited information that could be accessed from anywhere at any time as long as there is internet connection. The freedom to explore and express has two outcomes- to progress society or decline society. Technology has major influences in all trades of the world, but it starts with education. â€Å"Technological education can provide students with a wealth of information and knowledge, which they can then use in the future to pursue related career or simply as a subject of interest and intrigue† (Importance of Technology in Schools, 2009). Creativity and encouragement for young minds to explore all the possibilities produces more productive adults. The introduction of the internet is obviously a worldwide phenomenon. Although this phenomenon provides unlimited access to any genre of information, it may not be true. Educating students on how to productively search for information and how to evaluate credible material makes all of the difference. Furthermore, American literacy is in the process of transition that is constantly improving education and communication. Each individual has different learning capabilities separating themselves from others. The traditional ways of reading and writing with books and pens and paper are updated. It is now made much more convenient, just at a touch! The ability of modern technology provides education for students and adults with special needs that a regular education cannot meet. â€Å"Despite the lack of data showing that technology has a tremendous effect in the classroom; teachers have found that using technology may help address students’ specific learning needs. Charles MacArthur, a special education professor at the University of Delaware, explains that students who have learning disabilities, including dyslexia, typically need help with transcription processes to produce text, spell, and punctuate correctly. However, any students having trouble with writing fluency can benefit from teachers integrating technology into the classroom. And sometimes tried-and-true technology works the best† (Allen, 2008). Addressing students special needs are vital because it encourages and guides them to reach their full potential. The world of technology created an opportunity for special needs students to learn and communicate just as well as independent students. Have you ever wondered what the world would be like without communication? The basic method of communication such as telegraphy advanced to â€Å"snail mail† and it is now at the stage of texting and emailing. Technology is used as a tool in various approaches and may be beneficial or harmful. Finally, the freedom of the new age of information is limitless which raises concerns about privacy laws and ethical issues. With the good, comes the bad. It seems as though there is no way around it. As beneficial as technology is, issues of ethics and privacy concerns Americans who are violated of their personal information. The conveniences of being able to shop, pay bills, create and maintain online accounts online leaves vulnerability to identity thefts and fraud. A USA report suggest that although many Americans acknowledge the potential benefits of being able to interact with government online, similar proportions of the population express concerns about the privacy and security of their personal information submitted through government websites (The New E-Governement equation, 2003). Regulating the internet is going to be a battle. The freedom to explore quality in the truth is a personal right. Criminals and violators will constantly prey on their victims. The resolution lies within the future, but the solution starts with each individual protecting their own identity and prevents fraud and theft. The age of information provides an outlet to send and receive information quickly and efficiently. It is important for students to correctly learn how to utilize the web to enhance their creative expression and information technology comprehension. Education and knowledge is the most powerful took to use when conducting anything. Technology is only progressing and dominating the world. American literacy could not be described as more or less in today’s society but rather enhanced and evolved into normalcy. References: * Education Update:Leveraging Technology to Improve Literacy:Leveraging Technology to Improve Literacy. (2008). Membership, policy, and professional development for educators – ASCD. Retrieved 2012, from http://www.ascd.org/publications/newsletters/education- * Excellence in Government – Home | Online Registration by Cvent. (2003). Retrieved 2012, from http://www.excelgov.org/usermedia/images/uploads/PDFs/egovpoll2003.pdf * Importance of technology in schools | Centre for Education in Science & Technology. (2009).Centre for Education in Science & Technology. Retrieved 2012, from http://www.cest.org.uk/importance-of-technology-in-schools/ * literacy. (2006). In Collins Dictionary of Sociology.

Strategy in action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy in action - Essay Example Despite the challenge, interventions have been developed to help in organization of knowledge especially based on new technologies. Knowledge management systems have been embraced by many organizations in an effort to ensure that the dynamics of knowledge are controlled. Researchers have developed divergent views concerning knowledge management. They attribute it to performance, market share, competitive advantage, market positioning, and sustainability of the organization. Despite all these benefits, knowledge management is seen as a thorn in the flesh of large and complex organizations. Large and complex organizations depict complexities and bureaucracy in the management of knowledge. The management of knowledge in large and complex organizations is a tedious process that involves a number of processes, usually involving several people. The involvements of many people in the process create a scenario where knowledge does not reach on time or is corrupted in the process. In order for any knowledge to be approved from the lower cadres to the management of an organization, there is likelihood of conflicts based on the influence of decisions made. According to Franz et al (2002), knowledge ‘islands’ are inevitable in large organizations where there are parities in the knowledge that is embraced by a given group based on common aspects such as being in the same office, department or team. It is noteworthy that the organization has to share common goals; hence, the knowledge at their disposal should ideally be similar. However, complex organizations may serv e different purposes, which may require them to adopt some knowledge that varies from the other teams. The management of knowledge in large organizations is cumbersome based on the view that knowledge can occur in various forms. As well put by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995, p.9) in their model, there are two types of knowledge.

Play review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Play review - Essay Example Every man in the town wanted to ask her for a hand for marriage because of her success and beauty. Similarly, Portia’s father loved her and as though he foresaw the challenges that his daughter would face, he decided to leave behind three strongboxes. Each box had a different message addressed to individuals who would try their lack in marrying Portia. Only one of the box contained Portia’s picture and the individual who chose this box had the right to marry her (Williams 67). Different prominent individuals tried their luck and failed. Bassano finally showed up, handsome and whose business was not performing well. His love for Portia drives him to ask for help from Antonia, who promised to give him the money he required to accomplish the task in wooing Portia. Antonia then talked to shylock who agreed to lend him money interest free under the condition that he must refund the money at the stipulated time, failure to which shylock would chop a piece of his body part. Ba ssanio sets his journey to Portia’s who advices him to wait for sometime before making his choose. Bassanio refused and went ahead in his selection on that faithful day, by the grace of God he managed to take the right strongbox. Later the two married and leaved happily thereafter. I did not like the court ruling on the case between Antonio and Shylock. The two characters had an agreement on the terms and conditions of the loan. Shylock had to lend money interest free on the basis that Antonio agreed to refund on time, failure to that, shylock had to cut part of Antonio’s body. Shylock went to seek for the court intervention where the court decides to make a ruling in favor of Antonio (Williams 123). The reason being that, shylock was not a citizen of that country and everyone in the courtroom including the judges were his enemies. At this point, justice failed to prevail. The play

Role of Youth in Politics Essay Example for Free

Role of Youth in Politics Essay Politics is science to manage the country or state. Youth is young blood of nation and active worker of nation. So, it is very necessary and demand of nation that he must take all the responsibility for managing whole country. Without entering in politics, he can not do any welfare activity at large scale because, after getting fund he can do any thing but who will give to him. But, If youth joins politics and make his own Govt. with help of democratic voting system. He can become prime minister of country after this he can make the India as the dream land of Swami Vivekananda. Where there is no corruption, where there is no violence, where there is no black marketing, where there is no cheating, fraud or scam. But where there is only love, where there is only honesty, where there is only co-operation and co-ordination. So, Youth should join politics for improving it . Because without improving or honesty in politics, there is no possibility of development of India. Some body criticize with giving arguing that youth can create violence with his hot blood , if we allow him to enter in politics but all of this We can not overlooked the role of youth in politics . But , I am against unrational youth who want to earn money by selling the country . These days , I need youth like Shri Ram Chandra and Shri Krishna . They were the king of India means today prime minister and still whole India loves him as God . We need not politician like Ravan and Kans who have no respect for women . In India , I am seeing such youth who can take the burden of all social and economic problems by becoming Young Prime minister . But problem is that who brings them in front . If Indian people want to see young India , then they should think the above role of youth in politics and give them support by their Valuable Votes .

Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Life Cycle of Zhou-zhuang Introduction This essay aims at presenting historical information and development background of Zhou-zhuang, judging which stage of development it is at and evaluating its future development trend. We applied Butler ¡Ã‚ ¯s Model of Life Cycle to evaluate Zhou-zhuang ¡Ã‚ ¯s current stage and future development. The essay will be developed into three parts. The first part will talk about Zhou-zhuang ¡Ã‚ ¯s exploration stage, the second part will be devoted to its development stage and the third part will be contributed to an evaluation on Zhou-zhuang ¡Ã‚ ¯s current stage in the life circle and its future development trend. Exploration Thanks to a famous painter Yifei Chen ¡Ã‚ ¯s canvas, The Memory of Hometown, Zhou-zhuang ¡Ã‚ ¯s Double Bridge in Misty Rain has been a famous image of Zhou-zhuang and gradually publicized this quiet village to the outside world since 1984. Zhou-zhuang, at that time, only had a population of 2000, most of which lived a life on planting rice. Their annual incomes seldom exceeded 800 Yuan. However, the development of Zhou-zhuang seems a little bit in the nature of things, because it goes very smoothly as well as speedily. Development In 1983, Wu Guanzhong, who was a very famous painter came to sketch in Zhou-zhuang, and he expressed his emotion: ¡Ã‚ °Huangshan Mountain concentrates the beauty of Chinese mountains and streams, while Zhou-zhuang concentrates the beauty of Chinese watery regions. ¡Ã‚ ± These words put great colors to Zhou Village ¡Ã‚ ¯s fame. In 1988, the first township tourism service company was established in Jiangsu province, and 38 sceneries of humanities in about 0.47 square kilometers have undertaken restoration and reconstruction. ¡Ã‚ °The ancient town trio of Zhou-zhuang ¡Ã‚ ±became one of the 16 hot itineraries which were promoted to international market. In 1989, Shen Hall opened to public, and Zhou-zhuang Tourism Service Company issued entrance tickets for the first time with a price of 0.6RMB. In the year of 1994, Zhou-zhuang developed to a wider extend, for Zhang Hall, Chengxu Taoist Temple, and Mi Building opened respectively. In the same year, the entrance tickets with images of Shen Hall, Zhang Hall, Chengxu Taoist Temple, and Mi Building printed on were published, and the price surged to 10RMB. From the year of 1995, the number of tourists to Zhou-zhuang increased rapidly every year with an annually rate of more than 30%. Meanwhile, the incomes of residents there, which benefit from tourism, also increased at the rate of more than 30% every year. In 1999, Zhou-zhuang received visitors about 1.25million both abroad and home; in 2000, the number was 1.

Chantale and Clinton’s Service Expectations Essay

In general, for their past experience Chantale and Clinton’s service expectations to The Canadian are that they provide very customer-oriented service, that is not only the frontline representatives but also every role within the company and its distributors cares for the customers and always think of the best interests of customers. To be more specific, as what we have seen in this case, Chantale and Clinton coupon expected the following: 1) a quick and courteous response and follow up on their request or phone calls instead of keeps transferring their requests from one party to another; 2) Always stay in touch with the customer and provide recent updates and feedback for important changes (e.g., repair could not come on the day); 3) Reliable service, e.g., if you make a promise then you need to keep your promise 4) On time delivery and repair service as well as timely communication to save customer time; 5) Has department to bridge the gaps or escalation the issue in a timely manner 6) Flexibility, e.g., provide a temporary solution that can help the customer while waiting for the appliance to be fixed (delivery a small fridge for temporary use). 7) Care for the customer needs especially monetary needs, e.g., reimbursement Culture factors that influence the development of these expectations are the couple is middle class and they can afford decent brands of products. Their entire family is well-educated and the couple values achievement and success, environment, material comfort and external comfort. Because of their subculture that they are Canadians, fully bilingual and live in Montreal, they give preferences to products delivered by the Canadian based product supplier â€Å"The Canadian†. Social factors are the reference group, e.g., client service team that the couple kept calling to did provide some courteous and polite response, however they had to repeat the same case over and over again which eventually made the couple feel frustrated and angry. From the family factors perspective, Chantele’s brother failed to enjoy a good meal made her feel even more frustrated with the delay of the repair which she expected it should be done on time. Personal factors are that they are well educated and care about the environment, thus they decided to purchase an energy efficient fridge to save energy. In addition, they prefer fresh foods as well as food that meet the dietary needs of youngest child which can be found when they threw away non-fresh foods and require immediate repair of the fridge. Because they are advisors and accounts who can occasionally work from home, they have the luxury to spend hours of their day time calling and waiting for customer service. From the personality and self-concept perspective, Chantale worked at The Canadian during the past as department manager and he considered himself very customer oriented. Therefore, he would think the others in the firm would be like him or his department. From the lifestyle and value perspective, they are more money constrained than time constrained, therefore, they asked for reimbursement for the loss of foods.

The Public Perception of CPAs in Today’s Society

This paper will discuss the public perception of CPAs in today's society, pitfalls that they may encounter, methods to prevent some of these negative behaviors and consequences they may face should they fall short. Most â€Å"Who Do You Trust? † surveys rank politicians, lawyers and used car salesmen at the bottom and certified public accountants at the top. That is because the CPA profession has a squeaky clean image–anal-retentive little wimps who wear thick glasses and cannot get a date. CPAs are known and respected for their honesty. The profession that goes out of its way to project that image, and there is a certain amount of truth to it. Not all accountants are anal-retentive little wimps who cannot get a date. Many of them are quite articulate. Some are quite lovely, in some schools, more than half of the accounting majors are women. Also, not all CPAs are squeaky clean and respected for their honesty. Some are quite dishonest and are putting a black mark on the image of the entire profession. There is one area where the CPA profession has fallen short of protecting the public interest. The general duty that accountants owe to their clients and the other persons who are affected by their actions is to â€Å"exercise the skill and care of the ordinarily prudent accountant† in the same circumstances. Two elements compose the general duty of performance: skill and care. Another element and responsibility is owed to clients and other persons, that is that accountants should observe a standard of ethical or social responsibility. One set of difficulties concerns ethics education's ability to instill the chosen values and to make them stick after the educational process is completed. Instruction in accounting ethics is directed at people whose character-or lack there-of-has largely been formed by the time the instruction occurs. Although such instruction should increase the moral awareness of those who are already predisposed to listen, its effect on the basically self-interested, indifferent, or unethical is questionable. Even those who are positively influenced by ethics instruction, moreover, may still behave irresponsibly if their careers or their livelihoods require them to act in their client's financial interest. Recent pressure to include more ethics instruction in the accounting classroom has placed an emphasis on individuals who have a sense of moral responsibility. An emphasis on codes of conduct may result in students' failure to â€Å"develop discretion and judgment . . . which are more than simply a matter of what acts are forbidden, which are required, and which are permissible† (Whitbeck, 1992, 128). Emphasis on rules may quickly become training in how to get around the rules while remaining technically legal. While students must be acquainted with professional codes of conduct as part of their preparation for a career, most researchers on ethics do not consider such material to be sufficient grounding in ethical training (Fulmer and Cargile 1993:Adams et al. 1995). A few years ago the American Institute of Certified Public Accounts (AICPA), the largest CPA membership organization in the world, decided that starting in the year 2000, new members would have to have 150 semester hour of college credits (5 Years) instead of the present four years to become a member (McGee). On the surface that does not appear to any big deal. No one has to become an AICPA member to practice public accounting or to be a CPA. But, there are several problems with this. The most obvious is that the major group harmed is the students (or parents), who must cough up another $10,000 or $20,000 for a fifth year of education. Then there is the added cost of not having a job for the extra year it will take to complete the fifth year, so there is another $25,000 – $30,000. But that is not all. The segment to the student population most harmed by this insane policy is the segment least likely to be able to pay for a fifth year – blacks, Hispanics, low-income students of whatever persuasion. Poor people and minorities, along with rest of us, will have to face an even higher barrier to entry into the accounting profession. (Metzger 1061) As mentioned earlier is additional education only going to make accountants more proficient at learning techniques to get around laws, perhaps using unethical behaviors? And at the same time force extra barriers on many disadvantaged people hoping to make an honest living? This may be only speculation of the could and could nots of what may happen, but serious food for thought. What are the consequences of these unethical behaviors? Accountants can be held liable for damages to clients and to third parties, he may also be found criminally liable for violation of securities, tax, and other laws. For criminal violations, he may be fined and imprisoned. Wrongful conduct may also result in the issuance of an injunction, which bars him from doing the same acts in the future. In addition, his wrongful conduct may be the subject of administrative proceedings by the Securities and Exchange commission and state licensing boards. An administrative proceeding may result in the revocation of an accountant's license to practice or the suspension from practice. Finally disciplinary proceedings may be brought against an accountant by professional societies such as the AICPA. Most states have statues imposing criminal penalties on accountants who willfully falsify financial statements or other reports in fillings under the state securities laws and who willfully violate the state securities laws or aid and abet criminal violations of these laws by others. Accountants have great responsibilities to their clients and to society. As an accounting major, doing research for this paper has helped to open my eyes to the many aspects of my intended profession. I have realized that it is a very trustworthy profession, held in the highest esteem by the public at large. I know that I must take my job and the trust instilled in me very seriously. I hope that this paper has enlightened you to the pitfalls many certified public accountants face today, both with ethical standards and with impending educational requirements.

Radio Censorship essays

Radio Censorship essays In 1978 a radio station owned by Pacifica Foundation Broadcasting out of New York City was doing a program on contemporary attitudes toward the use of language. This broadcast occurred on a mid-afternoon weekday. Immediately before the broadcast the station announced a disclaimer telling listeners that the program would include "sensitive language which might be regarded as offensive to some."(Gunther, 1991) As a part of the program the station decided to air a 12 minute monologue called "Filthy Words" by comedian George Carlin. The introduction of Carlin's "routine" consisted of, according to Carlin, "words you couldn't say on the public air waves."(Carlin, 1977) The introduction to Carlin's monologue listed those words and repeated them in a variety of colloquialisms: I was thinking about the curse words and the swear words, the cuss words and the words that you can't say, that you're not supposed to say all the time. I was thinking one night about the words you couldn't say on the public, ah, airwaves, um, the ones you definitely wouldn't say, ever. Bastard you can say, and hell and damn so I have to figure out which ones you couldn't and ever and it came down to seven but the list is open to amendment, and infact, has been changed, uh, by now. The original seven words were shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits. Those are the ones that will curve your spine, grow hair on your hands and maybe, even bring us, God help us, peace without honor, and a bourbon. (Carlin, 1977) A man driving with his young son heard this broadcast and reported it to the Federal Communications Commission [FCC]. This broadcast of Carlin's "Filthy Words" monologue caused one of the greatest and most controversial cases in the history of broadcasting. The case of the FCC v. Pacifica Foundation. The outcome of this case has had a lasting effect on what w...

Miller-Urey Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Miller-Urey Experiment - Essay Example There is no denying the fact that this experiment till date is regarded to be a classic experiment pertaining to the origins of life. This experiment was carried on by Harold C Urey and Stanley L Miller at the University of Chicago in the year 1953. The scientific community was in doubt about the chemical components that constituted the atmosphere of the early earth. Thereby in their experiment, Miller and Urey selected Water, Hydrogen, Ammonia and Methane, considering them to be the salient components constituting the atmosphere of the early earth, when the life was still not there (Willis, 2000). These chemicals were made to circulate in an array of flasks and glass tubes which were completely sterilized. These glass tubes and flasks were connected together in a loop as is shown in the above figure. One of the flasks was half filled with water, while the other flask in this loop was fitted with electrodes. The water in the half filled flask was heated to create water vapors in the loop and the gases so created were circulated through the loop to simulate the atmosphere of early earth. The water vapor so produced represented the water in the lakes and rivers on the early earth which eventually evaporated and consequently precipitated down as rain. The electrodes in the other flask were intermittently fired to create lightening storm like effect, which was believed to be pervasive on early earth (Willis, 2000). After carrying on the experiment for one full week, Miller and Urey found out that that almost 10 to 15 percent of the carbon existent in the system they contrived in their experiment had turned to organic compounds (Willis, 2000). They also discovered that nearly 2 percent of the carbon now constituted 13 of the 22 amino acids that went into the making of proteins in living cells (Willis, 2000). Glycine was found to be the most abundant amino acid in this protein soup (Willis, 2000). No doubt the

Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Paper 2 - Essay Example On the other hand, compatibilism or soft determinism does not treat freedom and responsibility in isolation. Our actions are determined by the causes we take, and we could be held morally responsible for them. External events such as culture or genetics come into play, but the choice a person makes determine the actions. Therefore, a person should make choices that are consistent with his or her choices in order to become free. According to Frankfurt we have the inherent ability to use our will that enables us to have certain desires and motives. Having the ultimate will helps us to make choices, and that is where our freedom starts. Our choices are based on preconceived thoughts that differ from one person to another. He proposes the idea of second order of desires in human beings. We do not have the same abilities to pursue freedom with animals because they utilize first order desires where they may choose to engage in an activity or leave it altogether. Our freedom emanates from the reflective self-evaluation sessions inspired by second-order desires. The structure of a person is made by the capability to use of will to do the things he or she wants (Frankfurt 415). We are complete as human beings because if the innate capability to act out of our volitions due to second order desires. Frankfurt explains that there some of us who share the characteristics of first order desires and desires of the second orders. The characteristics render us free though our influence may be restricted to a particular extent. People who assumes or utilizes first and second order desires are called wanton. Wanton entails adults, nonhumans, and young children who do have the volition to do what they want. We get ample chances to act the way we feel without resulting into any form of conflict. We have the ultimate choice of acting rationally and deliberately irrespective of whether we have first or second order desires. However, we tend to ignore our strongest inclinations

Screening journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Screening journals - Essay Example The song itself has an overall feel of R&B mixed with hip-hop or electronic dance due to the low vocal ranges of the song, the use of a hook and repetitive melody and lyrics, which are not usually heard from songs by Beyoncà ©. However, despite the R&B shell of the song, it delivers a strong, feminist message based on the cultural background of people of color, namely Beyoncà © and featured artist Chimamanda Ngozi Adicihe and their cultural backgrounds as female African-Americans in modern US society. Such ideas are exemplified by the melodic lyrics â€Å"I took some time to live my life/ But don’t think I’m just his little wife† sung by Beyoncà © and a section of the spoken lines by Adicihe: â€Å"But why do we teach girls to aspire to marriage/ And we don’t teach boys the same?†(Knowles, 2013). Based on the context, the lyrics contain the message that female African-Americans are only taught of such things and not allowed to have and live their own aspirations, ideas that are strongly-questioned in the song and are subjects of criticism as well. The video may seem confusing for some due to the combination of new and old elements, with the beginning and endings showing an old talent show clip and the song itself showing a dance club where Beyoncà © dances along with other people, as well as the inclusion of lyrics within the music video itself. However, despite seemingly-contradictory elements of the song, the opening and ending parts of the video are able to convey the message of needs for equality and feminism clearly, as it was seen in the last part that the male Caucasian-American group won by a star over the African-American female group, suggesting the societal bias against races considered to be the minority. These components can be observed and understood fully by viewers if they viewed the video from start to finish, and as such all elements (lyrics, vocal, visuals) are needed to convey

Mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliance Essay

Mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliance - Essay Example However, industry and firm specific factors finally govern the reason and the purpose of the mergers and acquisitions and alliances taking place in the global market place. While much has been studied on the reasons of success and failures of M&A, the strategic reasons behind the mergers, acquisitions and alliances are being looked at in this paper. This paper will not focus on the post-merger success or failure but concentrate on the strategic reasons that prompt firms to enter into M&A and alliances. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has been described as ‘among the most important strategic decisions companies ever make’ (cited by Duncan & Mtar, 2006). Acquisitions can be based on strategic decisions like market expansion, product diversification or domain expansion. Thus many use it as a mode of entry into a foreign market where it is difficult to start a wholly owned venture. Hence the decision of M&A depends upon the resource-based view or the transaction cost analysis. Agency theory has also been explained as an M&A strategy. The agency theory contends that manager-controlled industrial firms pursue conglomerate diversification. Managers benefit from the increase in firm size and based on the belief that large firms will seldom fail and the executive compensation is linked to the firm size (Lin, Hung & Li, 2006). The resource-based view suggests that while firms have tangible and intangible resources, the resources do not create value unless they interact with othe r resources. If complimentary resources are not under the ownership control, the firms have difficulty in realizing the full potential of the resources. This becomes an incentive to merge with other firms that have complementary resources. M&A strategy can provide external sources of innovative competencies to protect the core business. As the same time,

Distinguishing A Sentence From An Utterance

Distinguishing A Sentence From An Utterance A sentence is a grammatically complete string of words expressing a complete thought. It can be written or spoken. A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question, exclamation, request or command. It is neither a physical event nor a physical object. Examples: I am a student. The world is my home. An utterance is the use of any piece of language by a particular speaker on a particular situation. It can be in the form of a sequence of sentences, a single clause, a single phrase, or just a single word. Linguists sometimes use utterance to simply refer to a unit of speech under study.Examples: Tina visits her niece and meets a new friend .Tina :Hi. Hello, how are you John. To differentiate utterance and sentence, we usually use quotation mark (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) in written form of utterance. For example, a piece of utterance that is spoken by certain person Im a student. Decide whether each pair of sentences below has the same or different propositional content. If they have the same propositional content, identify the proposition that they both share. a. Can John have some cake? John has some cake same propositional content : John having some cake b. Take out the garbage you will take out the garbage same propositional content: taking out the garbage c. Can you pass the salt The salt shaker is nearly empty different propositional content The characteristics of an utterance are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢It is spoken and can be loud or quiet à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Can be true or false à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Physical event à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢May be grammatical or not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Meaningful or meaningless à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢By specific person (in particular accent) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢By specific time or on particular occasion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢A piece of language (a single phrase or even a single word) Explain these terms and concepts and give an example of each: Speech acts : A speech act is an utterance that constitutes some act in addition to the mere act of uttering. It serves a function in communication.. We perform speech acts when we make an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, etc. A speech act might contain just one word, as in Sorry! or several words or sentences: Im sorry I forgot your birthday. I just dont know how it happened. Examples: Request: Could you open the window, please? Performative utterance : a type of statement we make using the right words, with the right intention, and in the right context in order to perform an action. It is an utterance that peforms an act by the fact of its being uttered under certain circumstances. When a person makes a performative utterance, that person is performing an action .For example, a person can give a name to a new puppy by stating aloud, I name this puppy Rita ; or as when you say I promise, thus performing the act of promising ; or a teacher could assign his class homework by simply stating, I assign you pages 67-68 in Gateway 2 as homework. Constative utterance : Is an utterance which states, reports, or describes facts in the world. It is a statement of facts that can be judged as true or false. Constative utterances are contrasted with performative utterances, which have a similar linguistic structure but do not issue true or false statements about the world. Examples: Shakespeare died in 1956 ; The cat is on the mat. ; or the utterance John is running, which depends for its truth or falsity on whether it is the case that John is running Act of assertion : To assert is to state with force. So if someone makes an assertion, theyre not just trying out an idea they really mean it. An assertion is a speech act in which something is claimed to be true. It refers to the act of affirming or asserting or stating something. An ACT of ASSERTION is carried out when a speaker utters a declarative sentence (which can be either true or false), and undertakes a certain responsibility, or commitment, to the hearer, that a particular state ofaffairs, or situation, exists in the world. Examples: Jenny got an A on the test ; or there is a traffic jam on Hassan I bridge In Sale at 08:00 a.m Performative verb : They are the type of verbs used to make performative utterances. They describe actions carried out by speakers. Examples are: promise, name, bet, agree, swear, declare, order, predict, warn, insist, declare refuse ,etc. 5. For each of the following utterances state one or two purposes that the speaker may have had in mind when uttering them. a The car is dirty. : to complain about the state of the car ; to request from someone to clean the car b Is it right to allow skateboarding on our sidewalks? : to disapprove of skateboarding; to request banning skateboarding c Look at the mess you just made! : to order someone to tidy up the place ; to complain about the mess d Some of the pages have been torn out. : to apologize to someone about the damage ; to complain about the damage. 6. Try to identify the kind(s) of acts mentioned in your answer to question 5 above (such as warning, requesting, ordering, complaining, apologizing, etc.). See the above answers 7. Identify whether the following utterances are performative or constative. If an utterance is performative, describe the act being performed, as well as the act being described. a I order you to pay the bill. : performative : the speaker is performing the act of ordering the listener to pay the bill b I pronounce you man and wife. : performative: used in the course of a marriage ceremony. the act performed is making a couple legally married. c I promise to drop by tomorrow. : performative : the speaker is performing the act of promising to visit. d The minister pronounced them man and wife. : constative e I promised to drop by tomorrow. : constative : the verb should be in the present f I sweep the floor every Tuesday. : constative g I believe you were wrong. : constative 8. Identify which of the following is a performative verb and use it in a sentence as a performative. Use the hereby test to help you make your decision. Think of three additional performative verbs not listed here, and also use them performatively in a sentence. a. declare : performative : I hereby declare war against our enemy. b. warn : performative : I hereby warn you to go inside. c. think : d. promise : performative : I hereby promise to buy you some ice cream. e. write : f. approve (to OK something): performative: I hereby approve the report, so you can send it g. remind : performative : I hereby remind you to turn your cell phones off. h. consider : More performative verbs: Apologize: I apologize for my behaviour Sentence: We hereby sentence you to 10 years in prison Order : I hereby order you to shut up Advise: I advise you to keep up the payments on your car 9. Performative verbs follow certain conventions.What are they? Are there exceptions? Give an example or two of each. Some conventions of performative verbs are: Performative verbs are verbs that describe actions carried out by speakers. They are used in 1st person singular, present (nonprogressive), indicative, active. They can be combined with hereby Exceptions: You are hereby forbidden smoke here (exception, because performative, but with a 2nd person subject) We thank you for your services (exception,because performative but with 1st person plural subject) 10. Identify which of the following utterances are performative. Also identify the utterances which are exceptions to the conventions you mentioned in the answer to the previous question. Explain why they are exceptions. a Students are asked to keep noise to a minimum. : b You are hereby allowed to enter the vault. : performative : exception (2nd person) c You must enter quietly. : - d We apologize for our mistake. : performative :exception (1st person plural) e I admit that I made a mistake. : performative f The text was written by two authors. : g Wearing hats inside is forbidden. : performative : exception (passive) 11. Why do we talk about utterances being performative (rather than sentences or propositions)? we talk about utterances being performative beacause an utterance is the use of any piece of language by a particular speaker on a particular situation. It can be in the form of a sequence of sentences, a single clause, a single phrase, or just a single word. It can be any vocally produced sound( unlike the sentence which is a grammatically complete string of words expressing a complete thought and which can be written or spoken. ).Moreover, unlike utterances, propositions are active declarative sentences used to describe or constate something, and which thus are true or false. So, Performative utterances are not true or false, instead when something is wrong with them then they are happy or unhappy. The uttering of a performative is, or is part of, the doing of a certain kind of action, the performance of which, again, would not normally be described as just saying or describing something . 12. Explain these terms and concepts and give an example of each: perlocutionary act (perlocution) : A perlocutionary speech act a statement that has some sort of intended or unintended effect. It refers to the interpretation of the message by the hearer or the actual effect of a speech act, such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something, whether intended or not. For example: the utterance there is something in your shoulder! may cause the listener to panic and to look on his shoulder. The perlocution of this utterance is to cause those emotions and actions. illocutionary act (illocution) : An illocutionary speech act refers to the meaning intended by the speaker. It is the act of doing something by saying something. It refers to the pragmatic illocutionary force of the utterance, thus its intended significance as a socially valid verbal action. Performative utterances fall under illocutionary speech acts. For example: the utterance I swear to give it back next time is used to perform the illocutionary act of promising. Propositional act : A propositional act has usually been characterized simply as the act of expressing a proposition. It is a speech act that a speaker performs when referring or predicating in an utterance. Example : The following utterances all have the same propositional act despite their different illocutionary acts, utterance acts, and perlocutionary acts You go home. Do you go home? Go home! How I wish youd go home! 13. For each of the following situations, identify the act carried out by the utterance (from among asserting, asking, or ordering). a Father to his son: The car is dirty. : ordering or requesting ( could you clean it?) b Irate citizen to the city council: Is it right to allow skateboarding on our sidewalks?: asserting ( its not right) c Mother to small child: Look at the mess you just made! : asserting( you have made a mess) d Student to a friend on a windy day: Some of my papers have blown away.: requesting help e Photographer to a client: Stand right there and say cheese! : ordering or requesting f Student to a teacher: What is the correct answer to question 2? : asking g Student to a teacher: I had trouble with question 2. : requesting ( could you help me?) h Teacher to a student: Question 2 has not yet been answered. : ordering or requesting the answer 14. Identify some of the possible perlocutionary effects of each utterance : a Policeman to a loiterer: Im afraid youll have to move on. : causing the hearer to be embarrassed. b Parent to a child: Its time for bed now.: causing the hearer to be frustrated c Teacher to a student: Youre going to flunk math. : causing the hearer to be annoyed d Doctor to a patient: You have only 3 minutes to live. : causing the hearer to be upset e Auto mechanic to car owner: Ill have to replace the engine. : causing the hearer to be concerned about the charge f Auto mechanic to car owner: Theres nothing wrong with your car, so therell be no charge. : causing the hearer to be pleased g Sales clerk to customer: This coat costs  £900. : causing the hearer to feel disappointed h Official to contest winner: You just won  £5,000,000! : causing the hearer to be excited 15. Identify the illocutionary act performed by uttering each of the following a Could you pass the salt? : requesting b Im afraid the cake didnt turn out too well. : apologizing c What a despicable movie! : dislike d Ive had enough to wait for now. : leavetaking e But there are too many books to read in this class! : complaining f You have written a beautiful critique of the problem. : praising g Hi, how are things going? : greeting 16. Which of the following pairs of illocutions seem to be appropriate sequences? For those which are appropriate, make up a pair of utterances which exemplify them. a offering declining : appropriate sequences Example: A : A cup of tea ? B : No, thanks b praising thanking : appropriate sequences Example: A: You were so great ! B: Thanks c congratulation toasting d congratulation declining : appropriate sequences Example: A: Nice car. Congratulations ! B: Oh, its not mine. e accosting condoling f accusing admitting : appropriate sequences Example: A: No one but you could reveal that secret. B: Yes, but I didnt mean it g leavetaking mocking h deploring agreeing : appropriate sequences Example: A: It was a great loss for us all. B: certainly. 17 Classify the following acts as either illocutionary (I) or perlocutionary (P). a. persuading someone ( P ) f. irritating someone ( P) b. bothering someone ( P ) g. pleasing someone ( P) c .apologizing to someone ( I ) h . protesting to someone ( I ) d. upsetting someone ( P ) i. helping someone ( I ) e. accosting someone ( I ) j. impressing someone ( P ) 18 In pragmatics, is concentrating only on illocutionary acts and perlocutionary acts enough to understand an utterance? Why ? There is no doubt that the Speech Acts theory has a revolutionary contribution to the understanding of utterances. Still, I think that it will not be enough to understand the human language because it is , by nature , highly complex. Many studies talk about the limitations of the Speech Acts theory. John Searle acknowledges some simplifications: I am ignoring more complex types of subject expressions, relational predicate expressions, and molecular propositions. Until we can get clear about the simple cases we are hardly likely to get clear about the more complicated ones. (Searle, Speech Acts, 33.) Some the issues raised is figurative or non-literal meaning: in particular, idiomatic or fixed expressions, metaphor, and metonymy. The study of this kind of meaning has not traditionally been the focus of linguistics. Now, it has become much more important in recent years, partly because semanticists have begun to realize how prevalent it is in everyday language. They have also begun to discover that much, if not all, of its use is not totally haphazard or idiosyncratic, but subject to certain rules and principles that can be discovered and described. I have also read an article about Illocutionary Silencing by Alexander Bird published in Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 83 (2002), but honestly I didnt understand it.

Signifigance Of Disease And Plauge In Hamlet :: essays research papers

In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, poison and disease both plague the state of Denmark. Relations between characters are corrupt, the people are disturbed and people are killed constantly. What the characters do not know is that this corrupt reign of power will end in tragedy. Corrupt minds in Hamlet are provided by Prince Hamlet himself. He portrays an â€Å"antic disposition† in order to gain the advantage inside the castle. Now people in the castle believe that Hamlet is crazy or â€Å"mad† and thinks nothing more of it. Really, Hamlet is just acting this way so that he can spy on other people in the castle. By doing this he finds out who is after him and the identity of the murderer of his father. Polonious is one of the people spying on Hamlet to find the â€Å"source of his madness† and says "That he's mad, 'tis true 'tis pity, And pity 'tis 'tis true" [2.2.97-98]. Hamlet never stops his act and gets his job done. During Hamlets search for revenge, he also sparks the beginning of Ophelia’s demise. This happens because to insure no one knows that Hamlet is acting as if he is crazy, he only tells his most trusted friend Horaito. Ophelia does not know he is only acting for the possible spies, and takes everything Hamlet says seriously. â€Å"Ophelia says I was the more deceived†[III.i.118]. After a while of this, including Hamlet yelling at her, the death of her father Polonious by the hands of Hamlet, Ophelia goes insane. This is very noticeable because she is constantly singing and her appearance is also more ragged and dirty. She does not even notice her own brother, Laertes, when he returns from school. Shortly after this, Ophelia is found, drown in the brook. Hamlet triggers Ophelia’s insanity that then leads to her death. While all of these tragic happenings are occurring relationships are also being torn apart. Hamlets' relations with his mother Gertrude are severed. Hamlet believes his mother is disgusting for marrying his father's brother, two months after his fathers' death. Rightfully so because traditionally then when people were married their families became considered blood related. So this action by his mother was thought to be incestuous and Hamlet did not agree with it at all. Hamlets' relationship with Laertes was also destroyed. During an altercation with his mother Hamlet heard a noise behind a tapestry hanging on the wall.

High School Drop Out Rates

High School Drop Out Rates Essay The nation's dropout crises have become severe over the past ten years. Big city high schools have less than 50% of freshmen graduate. (8) The problem has taken a back seat to a national focus on early childhood and elementary programs. Recent studies have found the dropout rate rising in large cities. Among minority groups, the dropout rate is the highest. The causes of the growing problem range from teen pregnancy to depression. The effect of the drop out rate is financially devastating on the individuals who dropout. Programs are being used to help decrease the tendencies for student to dropout.The national dropout rate has become common for teenagers. Dropout intervention programs have little effect from keeping teens from dropping out. According to the Boston herald website: But combating dropout rates requires new approaches since one group of researcher found that the 20 primary dropout prevention programs administered by the U. S. department o f education made little difference in keeping teens in school. The city' has gradually increase during the past four years, with roughly 900 student-mostly black and Hispanic- leaving the system each year. (1) This problem has been gradually increasing because schools have focused on basis math, literally skills and early childhood education for raising overall test scores. The dropout problem has been virtually forgotten. According to Jay Smink, Director of the National Dropout Prevention Center at Clemson University: â€Å"The sad part is, no one is seriously looking at the issue, and the sadder part is they're not putting the resources needed to improve the graduation rate,†(2) Largest Group of Drop-outs Hispanics are the largest group of dropout rates at 30-35%.This is 2. 5 times higher than the Africans-Americans dropout rate and 3. 5 % time the rate of whites. The study show the reason for the higher rate among Hispanics is poor teacher preparation, lower expectations, and overcrowded facilities. Another reason is a language barrier. Few teachers know enough Spanish to teach Hispanics. Other reasons are cultural related. Many Hispanic youth cite reasons for dropping out that are common to all youth who drop out. These reasons are they are failing, bored and/or having to work to support a family.Most Hispanics tend to believe that the public schools disrespect Hispanic culture, neglect the language problem, and set academic standards below the national norm. Poverty is wide spread among Hispanics. (6) Many children do not get an early start at school by attending pre-school; therefore, these children are at a disadvantage from the start. Their parents cannot read so these children miss being read to which is a necessary part of early development. In addition, peer pressure is an extremely strong influence on Hispanic youth. According to the Augusta Chronicle.

Overall delivery of service Essay

My role helps to contribute to the overall delivery of the service provided because I can help to provide the best quality care to individuals, I can help them to make sure that they know everything that they need to know whilst they are in hospital and also communicate effectively to make sure that they are always comfortable with their care. This helps with other individuals who are working with me because when everybody is working in this way the service runs more smoothly and everybody is on the same page therefore the patients feel cared for and valued. While working alongside the nurses and other staff I can help to make sure that everybody is getting the best care and when this is maintained through every shift it helps to keep the standards high and also eliminate problems. With attending college and work regularly together this helps to understand everything better because other members of staff know that I am capable of carrying everything out effectively and to the correct standards therefore this also helps to contribute towards the standard of the service. I could influence the quality of the service provided by following best practice within my work role because I would be following procedures and doing everything correctly which ensures that there are no problems and everything runs to a high standard. If everything is done correctly those who I am working with and those who come on shift afterwards this makes the job easier for them and doesn’t make their work load to large, this makes the service run more smoothly because everybody is working together and combines together correctly to ensure that the standards are correct. If I don’t carry out the requirements of my job role then this would be passed on to the shift afterwards which would affect their routine and have a knock on affect by knocking things out of alignment because they would be carrying on my work when they have their own jobs to do and this could cause this to then knock onto the next shift because everything would be working out of sync. This could also endanger a patient or distress them because tasks aren’t getting done at the correct time or to the correct standard. It could also cause conflicts between myself and the patients or myself and other staff. If I did not carry out my jobs this could cause other staff to have a too heavy workload that they are not capable of which would then end in them not carrying out the best quality of care that they can provide.